At the International Defense and Security Exhibition with takes place in Bangkok (Thailand) from the 2 to 5 November 2015, the Defense Technology Institute (DTI) of Thailand introduces a new type of 8×8 armoured vehicle under the name of Black Widow Spider.
The vehicle is fully developed and designed in Thailand by DTI researchers , the National Metal and Materials Technology Centre and private international companies which have expertise in the manufacturing of combat vehicles.
According General Sompong Mukdaskul, Director General OF DTI, “The new Black Widow Spider has the same level of technology in term of mobility, protection and fire power to other similar modern combat vehicles currently available for the European market”.
Note: The BWS 8×8 now fully fitted with RWS turret (which suspiciously looks like Singapore’s Terrex II turret) . The turret features is -30mm Bushmaster II -7.62 mm (NATO) Coax -Smoke grenade launcher -Full Hunter Killer capability with panoramic sight for commander . And from the photos ,the BWS 8×8 could carry 9 troops+3 crews who sit on the blast protected seats .
The Mi-28NE is an export variant of the Mi-28N helicopter developed by Rostvertol, a manufacturing arm of Russian Helicopters. The Night Hunter attack helicopter is designed to provide enhanced combat capabilities against land, air and sea-based targets.
The Mi-28NE Night Hunter can be deployed to identify and destroy enemy battle tanks, armoured vehicles, personnel, boats, small naval vessels, and low-speed and low-altitude aircraft. The combat helicopter can also be used to destroy protected sites and defence installations.
Orders and deliveries of Mi-28NE Night Hunter
Upon completion of a series of test flights in 2007 Russia and Iraq signed a $4.2bn agreement for up to 36 Mi-28NEs, a number of other helicopters, and anti-aircraft defence systems in October 2012. The deal was approved by the Iraqi authorities in April 2013 and the Iraqi Air Force received the first three of the first batch of 15 Mi-28NE helicopters in July this year.
The first serial production Mi-28N helicopter was delivered to the Russian Air Force in mid 2006 and entered into service in December 2013. The Mi-28Ns are also in service with Iraq and Kenya.
State of Art Mi-28NM Copter to Be Delivered to Russian Airforce Starting 2018:Here
Excerpt
The serial delivery of the upgraded Mi-28NM Night Hunter helicopter with dual controls to Russia’s Aerospace Forces will begin in 2018, Bondarev said.
Design and features of the Mi-28NE combat helicopter
The Mi-28NE Night Hunter attack helicopter, which is capable of executing missions under all weather conditions during day and night, incorporates a wide range of combat equipment and advanced avionics to deliver enhanced defence capabilities. It can perform manual and automatic nap of the earth (NOE) flight and has stand-alone solo stationing capability.
The combat helicopter is equipped with shock-absorbing landing gear and inflatable rubber bags, and features main and tail rotor blades made using composite materials. The normal and maximum take-off weights are 10,900kg and 12,100kg respectively.
The armoured cockpit is fitted with shock-absorbing seats and a parachute escape system for a crew of two. The portside and starboard cockpit doors and wing panels are installed with an emergency jettisoning system. The helicopter offers superior protection and increased situational awareness for the crew against small arms.
Also referred to as the Mi-28NE (mod.), the Mi-28NM was exhibited statically at Kubinka’s Patriot Park. A flying prototype, side number 1707, differs outwardly from earlier versions by having a “multi-cyclone” dust protection air inlet system, a longer nose, and enlarged horizontal tail surfaces. The Ukrainian-built TV3-117VMA turboshafts have been replaced by the Russian-made VK2500-01, which is essentially the same design but with higher power and a few other improvements. Aircraft 1707 also comes with an explosion-protected fuel system and reshaped “286-2910-00” main rotor blades. The latter were introduced to boost flight performance in hot-and-high conditions, to increase top speed, and provide more thrust-to-weight ratio to enhance the helicopter’s maneuverability.
The primary weapons system is now the Khrisantema (Chrysanthemum) reconnaissance and strike complex employing 9M123M Strelets-VM twin-channel guided missiles. Speaking to local media, the head of Russian Helicopters, Andrei Boginsky, said that side number 1707 represents “a new shape of the exportable Night Hunter” (as the Mi-28N is dubbed). He stressed that adding the Khrisantema-V missile system to the Mi-28 arsenal extends the helicopter’s maximum firing range to 10 kilometers. To find, recognize, and illuminate suitable targets at that distance, the Mi-28NM is fitted with an OPS-28M optical surveillance and aiming system with improved characteristics. It also has a search and engagement radar in a pod that can be attached to the stub wings, in addition to a mast-mounted 360-degree surveillance radar.
The Mi-28NM retains the ability to fire older 9M-120-1 Ataka-VM anti-tank missiles with radio-command guidance. Boginsky said that work is ongoing to develop an improved version of this ATGM. It is believed that the Mi-28NM will be able to employ a laser-guided version of the Ataka developed earlier for the Kamov Ka-52. Provision is made for the Mi-28MN to carry free-fall bombs up to 500 kilograms. The S-8 series 80-mm unguided rockets can be carried in standard 20-tube B-8V20-A pods or the newly developed, modular-design Zaslon 9A5013 pods. The latter provides for blocks of five tubes to be mounted in layers one below the other, to produce combinations with 10 to 25 launching tubes.
Another feature of the Mi-28NM is the ability to interact with unmanned aerial vehicles, which, according to Boginsky, is “the most interesting innovation.” He added that the design alterations and improvements reflect combat experience from Syria. This is also the case for an improved Mi-35M helicopter with VK2500-1 engines that was also demonstrated for the first time at Army 2018. Source ainonline.com
Mordenized Mi-28NE new engine protection
Alexey Brusilov
As the Russian Helicopters reported to the press service of the Helicopters of Russia holding, the exhibition featured multi-cyclone type dust protection devices designed to work in desert conditions, their efficiency being 20-23% higher than the base model.
The installation of the ROM does not affect the performance of the engine in any way, but they significantly reduce the erosion of the compressor blades, which makes it possible to work out the full life of the power plant before repair.
The development of this device was carried out within the framework of general measures to improve the flight performance and competitiveness of Russian attack helicopters.
Due to the successful operation of the Mi-28NE in a number of foreign states, the helicopter has already proved itself as a reliable and at the same time highly effective military means. The improvements carried out will allow to raise the car’s capabilities to an altitude that is even more unattainable for competitors. Source rg.ru
Cockpit
PilotWSONew HUD The cockpit can withstand up to .50 caltwower.livejournal.comtwower.livejournal.com
Laith Jobran @flickr
From the book of A. Mazepov, A. Mihkaev, V. Zenkin, A Zhirnov and A. Fomin about the Ka-50 called Polygon from 1996, on Page 31, there is said how the Armor was made on Ka-50 and after that also installed on Mi-28.
It is a 3 hardlinered armor, the inner cockpit section made of a full single titanium alloy “bathtub” covering both pilots, followed by a middle liner of ceramic plates, which caused trouble first after a single shot they break apart and lost all its protective abilities, they avoided that by covering this ceramic plates with kevlar/aramid that was glued on tightend and the outer liner which gives the aerodynamic shape and is made of alluminium alloy with a part carbon in it. The total armor per pilot for russian Ka-50 which they could use was about 300kg while the Apache uses about 90kg of armor per pilot. The Mi-28 has about 250-280kg which was mentioned somewhere else. The Ka-52 has less armor than both Mi-28 and Ka-50 spend for each pilot but it is still in the figure of 150-200kg.Source: Russian Defense
The design is based on the conventional pod and boom configuration, with a tail rotor. The five-blade main rotor is mounted above the body midsection, and short, wide, tapered, weapon-carrying wings are mounted to the rear of body midsection. Two turboshaft engines in pods are mounted alongside the top of the fuselage with downturned exhausts. The fuselage is slender and tapers to the tail boom and nose. The main rotor head has elastomericbearings and the main rotor blades are made from composite materials. The Mi-28N boasts a new design of all plastic rotor blades, which can sustain hits from 30 mm shells. The non-retractable tricycle tail-wheel type energy-absorbing landing gear and seats protect the crew in a crash landing or in a low-altitude vertical fall. The cockpit is reinforced with armor and shock absorbers to protect both crew members and is equipped with advanced sensors for day, night and inclement weather conditions. The windshield, which withstands impact by 7.62 and 12.7mm bullets and 20mm shell fragments. Source strategic-culture.org
Mi-28NE’s armament and protection features
The Mi-28NE Night Hunter combat helicopter is armed with reliable guided weapon systems and missile launchers to destroy enemy aircraft and helicopters.
The helicopter can carry up to 16 Ataka-B air-to-ground missiles and eight short-range Igla man-portable surface-to-air missile systems. It is also armed with two Strelets air-to-air missiles, 80mm and 130mm S-13 rocket pods, B-8 V20A rocket pods with S-8 and B-13 L’1 weapons, and a movable weapon mount with a 30mm 2A42 cannon.
The helicopter offers fire protection for power equipment, hydraulic systems and other fire hazardous units and compartments. The engine compartment is insulated by airframe elements and the self-sealing fuel tanks are protected from explosion and fuel leakage.
Ataka-B air-to-ground missiles
Ataka-B air-to-ground missiles
Igla man-portable surface-to-air missile systems
Igla man-portable surface-to-air missile
B-8 V20A rocket pods
B-8 V20A rocket pods
9K123 KHRIZANTEMA-S antitank missile system
Specifications of 9M123 and 9M123F antitank guided missiles
Maximum firing range: 5000 m, min.
Minimum firing range: 400 m.
Flight speed: Supersonic
9N146-1 warhead (9M123 missile): Tandem HEAT (armour penetration 1000 to 1100 mm behind ERA).
The missile guidance system includes a radio receiver and a photodetector installed in the C&G section for respectively automatic radio beam or semi-automatic laser beam riding.
Warhead diameter: 155 mm.
Length of canitserized missile: 2300 mm.
Weight of canitserized missile: 62 kg, max.
Altitude for combat use of 9M123 and 9M123F missiles above sea level: Up to 3000 m.
Source kbm.ru
2A42 30mm automatic gun
The 30mm automatic gun is designed for firing at light armored targets within a distance up to 1500 m, non-armored targets within a distance up to 4000 m and also at low-flying subsonic air targets up to 2000 m within a slant distance of 2500m. The gun can be fired in single shots or in burst (low or high rate of fire). It offers reliable functioning under severe conditions, such as temperature range from +50°C up to -50°C, in rain, dust, frost and in very dry environment.
30mm 2A42 cannon
TECHNICAL DATA OF 2A42
Caliber
30 mm
Number of grooves
16
Twist of grooves
715,5 mm
Rate of fire
high
min 550 rounds/min
low
200-300 rounds/min
Gun weight
115 kg
Barrel weight
38,5 kg
Recoiling force
40-50 Kn
Length of the gun
3 027 mm
Voltage of the trigger electric source, contact system
27 +2/-5 V
Feeding
Two belt type
Recocking
Pyrotechnical or manual
Number of powder cartridges
3
Force required to cock the gun by hand for:
– loading
up to 400 N
– re-loading with simultaneous extraction of misfired round
IMPROVED VERSION OF RUSSIAN MI-28NM ATTACK HELICOPTER SPOTTED IN MOSCOW
The improved version of Mi-28NM has been equipped with surveillance radar and a new control system, the RIA Novosti news agency reported earlier, citing the managing director of the Russian Helicopters (Rosvertol) company, Petr Motrenko. The new attack helicopter also has received improved rotor blades that will increase the cruising speed of the machine by 13% and the top speed – by 10%. According to rumors, the new version will be able to reach speed of 600 km/h (370 mph).
The Mi-28NM attack helicopter is producing at the Rosvertol plant in Rostov. The machine was designed to find and destroy tanks and other armored vehicles in conditions of active fire and electronic countermeasures. The helicopter also can hunt for low-speed air targets and infantry.
Image @planobrazil.com
The letter ‘N’ (‘night’) in the name of the Mi-28NM shows the helicopter’s ability to work equally effectively at any time of a day. The helicopter modernization project provides for the installation of the radar antenna over the flapping hinge. In addition to the circular view it will enable the crew to monitor the situation, hiding in the folds of the terrain.
Image @planobrazil.com
Another point that drew attention in the design is that the aircraft nose FLIR is now positioned just below the pilot’s cockpit. The aircraft has a more comfortable cabin and the crew favors a greater inclination relationship between the driver and the shooter. The 30mm cannon with its revolving tower will be positioned in the “chin” of the aircraft.
On the issue of avionics onboard, the new Mi-28nm will have numerous inputs KA-52 project, but its electronic warfare systems, integrated radar and FLIR are being developed by Kret whose source consulted said that many of the components were developed independently of government contracts. Source planobrazil.com
Weapon Director & Target Search, Tracking and Identification
Generic LLTV – (3rd Gen, Weapon Director & Target Search, Tracking and Identification) Visual
Role: LLTV, Weapon Director & Target Search, Tracking and Identification
Max Range: 83.3 km
Generic FLIR – (3rd Gen, Weapon Director & Target Search, Tracking and Identification FLIR) Infrared
Role: Infrared, Weapon Director & Target Search, Tracking and Identification FLIR
Max Range: 55.6 km
Laser Designator (Surface Only)
Sensors / EW:
Generic Laser Designator – (Surface Only) Laser Designator
Role: Laser Target Designator & Ranger (LTD/R)
Max Range: 18.5 km
Source cmano-db.com
“The radar is able to process information from multiple channels at the same time that helps to improve accuracy of the measurement of the coordinates and parameters of obstacles. The number of simultaneously tracked targets has been increased, new modes have been developed. Performance-board computer has been increased ten times,” Pavel Budagov, the Director of the Ryazan instrument factory, where the radar was developed, said.
The Mi-28NM has also been equipped with a dual control system – the machine can also be operated by the navigator-operator. Source southfront.org
ZSh-10 with NSCI spotted during the Mi-28NM tests
Avionics on board Mi-28NE Night Hunter
The Mi-28NE Night Hunter combat helicopter is equipped with an advanced set of integrated avionics suites for automatic detection and tracking of targets during combat missions.
KRET’s Ohotnik automatic thermal television system is installed to perform intellectual processing of video images and a high-speed digital interface is used to transmit video signals.
The helicopter is fitted with a helmet-mounted target identification and indication system to project images onto the visor and to determine the direction of proliferation automatically. An optical-electronic system is used to process the information collected by the helmet system. It is also used for observation, navigation and fire control tasks.
Helmet-mounted target identification and indication system to project images onto the visor
The helicopter also incorporates KRET’s airborne radar system and a receiving-transmitting antenna module to detect dangerous objects and meteorological formations. The radar enables the helicopter to remain invisible to the enemy. Other equipment aboard the Mi-28NE includes a dual-control system, CV-28 M round-the-clock target sight system, and a laser system.
N025 radar
N-025E radar
The new N025 radar is unique in that its receiving and transmission antenna module is located on the helicopter’s rotor. Since the radar revolves around a fixed point, it can provide 360-degree visibility.
Normally, helicopter radars are located on the bow, meaning the aircraft must turn around if it wants to see what is happening behind it.
According to Vladimir Mikheev, Advisor to the First Deputy CEO of KRET, the range and detection capabilities of the new radar developed by the concern exceed the requirements of tactical and technical specifications and have no analogues in Russia.
As previously reported, the updated Night Hunter will also feature a new control system and “electronic cabin.” The Mi-28N helicopter’s avionics already correspond to the requirements of the fifth-generation aircraft equipment. Its primary developer, Ramensky Instrument Design Bureau (RPKB), is a KRET subsidiary. KRET specialists also plan on installing electronic warfare systems on the Night Hunter. Sourcekret.com
N-025 Arbalet – (Mi-28,Mast Mounted Radar) Radar
Role: Radar, FCR, Air-to-Air & Air-to-Surface, Short-Range
Max Range: 37 km
Source cmano-db.com
KRET unveils N025E mast-mounted helicopter radar
The export-oriented N025E mast-mounted radar was unveiled at HeliRussia 2018. (Nikolai Novichkov)
Russia’s Radio-Electronic Technologies Concern (KRET) – a subsidiary of the Rostec state corporation – unveiled the N025E mast-mounted radar for the Mil Mi-28N/NE ‘Havoc-B’ combat helicopters during the HeliRussia 2018 exhibition in Moscow.
The N025E is an all-weather, Ka-band radar that is designed to detect moving and stationary objects. It comprises a swivelling parabolic antenna and a processing unit, with the antenna housed in a mast-mounted dome above the main rotor and the processing unit integrated into the helicopter’s fuselage.
The radar can perform simultaneous tracking of up to four ground or air target at ranges of up to 20 km, and facilitates low-level flight by keeping track of obstacles. It can also detect a dangerous meteorological formation out to 100 km.
It has a traverse angle of 180° and a field of view of -25° to +15°, and searches for ground targets in a 90° sector with a deflection angle of 35°. Source janes.com
SPO-32 / L150 Pastel digital receiver
Pastel entered development in 1982, possibly as a reaction to poor performance of Soviet fighters in the Middle East. By 1983 the initial design was produced. It was intended for the Mi-28, MiG-29K/M, Su-27M and others.
Pastel is a family of new generation digital RWRs.
Su-25TM installation
Scans from 1.2-18GHz threat frequencies.
Accuracy is 3-5° with pinpoint location antenna, 10° in rough location antenna. 128 reprogrammable radar types. Detection range minimum of 120% of the radar’s range. 3 modes- operational target, programmed target, most dangerous target.
Detects and finds direction for pulse, pulse-doppler and CW mode radars in search, track and illumination modes. Classifies multiple threats by danger, with full display of all information about most threatening radar presented to crew. Controls EW systems, has the ability to control and assign targets to 6 anti-radiation missiles such as the Kh-31. Aural warnings for high threat situations.
Pastel may be made available for upgrade packages or built into new export models of the Mig-29 and Su-27 families. Source aerospace.boopidoo.com
General data:
Type: ESM
Altitude Max: 0 m
Range Max: 222.2 km
Altitude Min: 0 m
Range Min: 0 km
Generation: Early 2000s
Sensors / EW:
SPO-32 Pastel [L-150] – ESM
Role: RWR, Radar Warning Receiver
Max Range: 222.2 km
Source cmano-db.com
Small compartment which can ferry at most 2 individuals in case of emergencies
Rostov helicopter production complex “Rostvertol” starts serial production of the new training helicopter Mi-28UB, the press service of the defense Ministry with reference to Deputy Minister Yuri Borisov.
Russia produces first serial Mi-28UB combat training helicopter (PHOTOS):Here
Excerpt
Russian Helicopters design and manufacturing holding has produced the very first batch of Mi-28UB combat training helicopters, a new version of the battle-tested Mi-28N “Night Hunter” ground attack helicopter.
Helicopter propulsion and performance
The Mi-28NE Night Hunter is powered by two VK-2500 turboshaft engines manufactured by Klimov. Each engine generates a maximum take-off power of 2,200hp.
The helicopter can climb at a rate of 13.6m/s and has a service ceiling of 5,600m. The cruise and maximum speeds are 270km/h and 300km/h respectively, while the range is about 435km.
2 x VK-2500 turboshaft engines
Improved Safety
Should one of he engines fail, the flight safety is greatly enhanced owing to the emergency power feature (2700 hp) of the VK-2500 engine.
Flexible power options and trouble-free maintenance
The engine can be adjusted to use any of the three horsepower options available depending on the customer’s preference. This choice helps take full advantage of the helicopter’s features as well as save fuel.
FACTS
Developed in 2001
Power class – 2500 hp
Installed on modified Mi-17 and Ka-32 helicopters, as well as on Mi-28, Ka-52 and Mi-35 modern fighter helicopters
VK-2500 engines are installed on helicopters that serve mountain rescue units of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.
VK-2500 engines as components of a MI-17-V5 power plant passed tests in the mountains of Tibet.
The service life of a VK-2500 may reach 9,000 hours.
A perfect upgrade for helicopters equipped with TV3-117 engines.
Principal specifications of the VK-2500 engine:
Horsepower options
I
II
III
Emergency performance (Н=0, V=0):
power (ISA+150С), hp
2700
2700
2700
Takeoff performance (Н=0, V=0):
power (ISA+30/25/150С), hp
2000
2200
2400
specific fuel consumption, (ISA), g/hp/hr, no higher than
220
214
210
Cruising performance (Н=0, V=0):
power (ISA+25/25/150С), hp
1500
1500
1750
Dimensions, mm:
Length
2055
2055
2055
Width
660
660
660
Height
728
728
728
Weight, kg
300
300
300
Source klimov.ru
LAITH JOBRAN PHOTOGRAPHY
General characteristics
Crew: 1 pilot (rear), 1 navigator/weapons operator (front)
The Jobaria (monster) is the most powerful 122-mm artillery rocket system ever built. This multiple launch rocket system has been developed in by United Arab Emirates in cooperation with Roketsan of Turkey to meet the UAE requirement. However final assembly of this system takes place in the UAE. The main goal was to put one battery of rocket launchers on one vehicle. This new multiple launch rocket system was first revealed in 2013 during IDEX exhibition held in Abu Dhabi. United Arab Emirates have received an undisclosed number of these artillery systems already.
122-mm rockets
The Jobaria MLRS consists of Oshkosh 6×6 heavy equipment transporter, towing a 10-wheel semi-trailer with 4 power rocket launchers. Each launcher has three pods with 20 rockets each. This rocket system carries a total of 240 122-mm rockets. A single Jobaria system replaces a full battery of rocket launchers mounted on 6 trucks with a crew of 30 men. Rockets have a maximum range of 37 km. A full salvo covers an area of 4 km².
Rockets are stored and launched from pods for rapid reloading and interchangeability of various calibers. Some sources claim that Jobaria is also capable of launching a total of 240 107-mm rockets, with a maximum range of about 11 km. Alternatively it can launch 16 TR-300 300-mm rockets with a maximum range of up to 100 km.
300-mm rockets
This artillery system is operated by a crew of three. Crew members are seated inside and operate from protected cab. It’s armor provides protection from small arms fire and artillery shell splinters. The cab also has NBC protection system.
This new multiple launch rocket system is supported by a dedicated resupply vehicle, which carries a full set of reloads and is fitted with two cranes. Each crane replenishes two rocket launchers. Reloading takes about 30 minutes.
There is also a lighter Mini Jobaria, based on the Nimr 6×6 vehicle. It carries two pods with a total of 107-mm rockets.
Nimr 6×6 vehicle with 107-mm rockets
The Nimr is a HMMWV-style wheeled all-terrain tactical vehicle family manufactured in Jordan by Advanced Industries of Arabia, a Bin Jabr Group company.
The vehicle also features composite ceramic armor and central tire inflation system. The vehicle is based on a flexible modular concept to provide support for a wide range of missions. The Nimr is available on both 4×4 and 6×6 wheeled chassis.
All models are powered by a Cummins EUSB 190 diesel engine developing 146 Kw of power which provides a top speed of 140 kph on road and a cruising range of 700 km.
The Emirates Defense Technology (EDT) Mini-Jobaria is a modification of the Nimr 6×6 tactical vehicle to perform as mini-Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). The Mini-Jobaria can be equipped with 107mm, 120mm or 128mm artillery rockets inside a rear launcher. In the 107mm configuration the vehicle carries a launcher with 48 tubes to hit targets at a maximum range of 12 kilometers. The high mobility Mini-Jobaria can fire a complete salvo of 48 rockets and re-locate to a new position within two minutes.
The Leclerc main battle tank (MBT) built by Giat Industries (now known as Nexter Systems) is operational with the French Army and the armed forces of Abu Dhabi of the United Arab Emirates. The Leclerc was first operational with the French Army in 1992 and with UAE in 1995. Leclerc mk2 tanks with improved software and engine control system entered production in 1998.
French Army Leclerc MBT
The French Army has 354 Leclerc MBTs in service and in September 2001 ordered the final tranche of 52, concluding a total order of 406 (plus 20 armoured recovery vehicles). Deliveries completed in October 2007.
United Arab Emirates Leclerc
390 tanks and 46 armoured recovery vehicles have been ordered by UAE. Deliveries of the tanks were completed in May 2004, deliveries of the ARVs concluded in 2008.
Leclerc MBT
Variants
The Leclerc is a modern main battle tank. It is fitted with a 120mm smoothbore cannon connected to an automatic loader. During the production run ten batches were produced that can be divided into three blocks:
Leclerc Block I: The Leclerc Block I is optimized for the Central European battlefield. This block consisted of 149 vehicles produced between 1991 and 1996. Leclerc Block II: The Block II allows for worldwide operation and has a climate control system. This block consisted of 178 vehicles produced between 1997 and 1993. Leclerc Block II+: The Leclerc II+ has improved turret armor, a second generation FLIR sight and battlefield management system. A total of 79 tanks were produced in this block, but some of these upgrades have also been retrofitted to earlier blocks. Leclerc EAU: Export version of the Leclerc adapted to the wishes of the UAE. This version uses the more reliable MTU-883 diesel engine which resulted in a longer hull and higher fuel capacity. The UAE model also has a remotely operated 7.62mm machine gun and higher level of turret automation.
It is protected with advanced modular armor system, which can be tailored to the threat. Its armor is a combination of steel, ceramics and Kevlar. Damaged modules are easily replaceable. Furthermore they can be easily upgraded with more advanced armor modules. Turret and hull roof was designed to withstand top-attack munitions. Chassis of the tank is covered with wide side skirts. The main electrical systems were duplicated to improve survivability.
Leclerc battle tank urban operations upgrade
French Army Leclerc MBT with Azur up-armour kits
In June 2006, Nexter unveiled the Leclerc optimised for urban operations. It is fitted with the AZUR kit, which consists of additional protection in the form of side skirts of composite material, bar armour on the rear of hull and turret to protect against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and extra protection for the engine against petrol bombs.
A remotely controlled 7.62mm machine gun is also fitted in addition to the 120mm gun.
French Army Leclerc MBT with Azur up-armour kits
In early 2011, Nexter signed an agreement with the International Golden Group to supply Azur up-armour kits for the Leclerc MBTs of the UAE Armed Forces.
Azur up-armour kits on Leclerc MBTs of the UAE
Eurosatory 2016: French Army Leclerc renovation:Here
The new armor (green) covers the side and rear section of the tank’s hull only. It appears to be similar or even identical to the Leclerc AZUR (Action en Zone Urbaine) that has been revealed in 2006. The frontal two thirds of the new armor seem to panels made of what seems to be reactive armor (either NERA or ERA) – this covers the whole crew compartment. The rear section of the hull and the turret is only protected by slat armor.
Four wire cutters and a new RWS (light brown) are added to the tank, two of the mounted on the turret roof and two on the hull section. Furthermore the number of the GALIX smoke grenade dischargers (yellow) has been increased dramatically – from 12 to 24. Two banks of 4 smoke grenade dischargers are mounted on the turret front, while the original GALIX launchers are increased in size (from 6 to 10 smoke grenade each). Laser warner sensors (red) also have been fitted to the tank, which could in theory work together with the GALIX system like a full softkill active protection system. The Leclerc Standard F1 is also fitted with a close proximity surveillance system (orange), consisting of three camera/sensor systems mounted at the turret sides and rear. Source below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com
LECLERC tank Renovation
The French Defence Procurement Agency (DGA) notified Nexter Systems of the Leclerc tank renovation contract. This order constitutes the third operation launched by the French Ministry of Defence under the SCORPION programme intended to modernise the French Army’s contact forces. Valued at approximately €330 million, the contract provides for the delivery of 200 “Renovated Leclerc” tanks and 18 “Renovated DCL” recovery vehicles from 2020.
The planned renovation work will enable the Leclerc to make the best use of its fire power and mobility within future “SCORPION” joint tactical groups (GTIA). Thanks to the development of specific interfaces for the new CONTACT tactical radio system and the SCORPION information and command system (SICS), it will be able to effectively network with all components of future “SCORPION” GTIAs. Moreover, the upgrade of its protection through the development of specific armour kits will enable the Leclerc tank to deal more effectively with new threats, such as improvised explosive devices.
A 3rd generation tank with a high degree of automation and diagnostic assistance, the Leclerc tank currently gives the French land forces “first entry” capability as part of an international coalition. The renovation operation launched aims to maintain this capacity beyond 2040. Source nexter-group.fr
FINDERS battle management system
The Leclerc is fitted with the FINDERS (fast information, navigation, decision and reporting system) battlefield management system, developed by Nexter Systems. FINDERS includes a colour map display which shows the positions of the host tank, allied and hostile forces and designated targets and can be used for route and mission planning.
FINDERS battlefield management system
adssb.com.my
The system runs on militarized or ruggedized PC workstations operating under Window OS. Each unit uses common software modules shared by all systems, and role- specific modules developed for every type of application or vehicle including reconnaissance, armor, armored infantry carrier, light armored vehicle, command post vehicle, platoon leader vehicle etc. These specific modules enable the system to integrate with the vehicle’s navigation, communications, optronics, and weapon systems. All systems use common tactical terminals and graphical displays.
The graphical display depicts a cartographic (map) display of the area of operation, with situational picture showing the location of friendly elements, and identified or suspected targets. Selectable overlays are showing operational plans, enemy formation enemy movements, generated by intelligence analysis. Other templates show technical and logistical status and reports. The display becomes a centerpiece of information management through the combat engagement, as it provides the commander with full situational display, an effective tool for orientation and observation, identification and reporting about potential targets and threats, as well as timely activation of countermeasures. The system also enables control of communications equipment, management of on-board radio sets etc. SIT/Finders systems are interoperable with NATO standards including ADat-P3 and ATCCIS (Army Tactical Command and Control System). Source defense-update.com
FINDERS battlefield management system
The French Army has selected Nexter to equip its Leclerc main battle tanks with a terminal information system (TIS) called Icone (ergonomic communications and navigation interface). The initial phase of the contract covers the equipment of more than 100 Leclerc tanks.
The TIS has been developed together with EADS Defense Electronics Systems. It permits the exchange of digitised data including tactical situation and the graphic orders displayed on a background map, between the vehicle and higher level command.
Leclerc main battle tank armament
The 120mm 52-calibre smoothbore gun is fitted with a thermal sleeve and muzzle reference system. Fumes are exhausted with a compressed air unit. The gun, which fires APFSD (armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot) and HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank) rounds, has a firing rate of 12 rounds a minute. The aiming system is entirely electrical for improved acceleration.
GIAT CN120-26 120 mm cannon (GIAT F1)
120 mm smoothbore cannon GIAT F1 of the battle tank Leclerc
The bottom piece comprises a downwardly opening case breech as well as the 120 mm cannon from Rheinmetall.The tube of the gun is hard chrome plated on the inside.
Image: wikivisually.com
The tube length of F1 is specified with 52 caliber lengths, ie 6240 mm. A Wärmschutzhülle and means for blowing out of the tube after each shot are also available. The blowout acts pneumatically. A framework, based on the ejector principle smoke exhausts, as on most tank guns is not provided. A device is that allows monitoring the Rohrverbiegung due to thermal stress and readjustment of the main riflescope without leaving the main battle tank at the mouth.
The main parts of the gun are displayed in the following diagram:
For the F1 four new types of ammunition with combusting sleeve and steely sleeve base were developed. A sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile, a shaped charge grenade and each represents a practice round. The kinetic energy projectile reaches a top speed of 1790 m / sec and the hollow charge projectile an initial velocity of 1100 m / sec.
Automatic charger with 22 cartridges
An automatic charger with 22 cartridges in a tape loader and an advanced fire control system round out the modern tank cannon. For the secondary weapon, it was decided to use a 12.7 mm machine gun instead of the usual 7.62 mm MG-Tower. Translated by Google– Data kotsch88.de
Since the emphasis was given to mobility and armament, the Leclerc punches slightly over its weight. The new smoothbore GIAT CN120-26/52 120 mm is 52-calibre long and is fitted with a thermal sleeve and muzzle reference system. This barrel lenght is also slightly above western tank standards (44 calibers are most common) which gave better muzzle velocity (1,790 m/s muzzle velocity for the APFSDS), at least until the introduction of the L55 Challenger. The fumes are not exhausted by a bore evacuator but calls for a an automatic compressed-air fume extraction system instead. The rate of fire is enhanced by the use of an entirely electrical aiming system, dual-axis stabilizer and an automatic loading system giving 12 rounds per minute on average. Ammunitions are fully NATO standards compliant (compatible with Leopard 2 and M1 Abrams ordnance), and includes the OFL 120 F1-A APFSDS (armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot), OECC 120 F1 HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank), OE 120 G1 HE, OFLX 120 G and BSCC 120 F1 for training and two replicas for handling training. Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
Leclerc (gun Giat CN 120-26)
The tank has an automatic loading system, which allows cross-country fire-on-the-move against mobile targets. 22 rounds of ready-to-use ammunition are carried. The tank is also armed with a 12.7mm machine gun co-axial with the main gun and a roof-mounted 7.62mm anti-aircraft gun.
12,7 mm M2HB machine gun co-axial with the main gun
12,7 mm M2HB machine gun co-axial
The tank is armed with a US-designed 12.7 mm M2HB heavy machine gun which is co-axial with the main gun, supplied with 1100 rounds. This feature is shared with the Abrams, although on the latter this weapon is roof-mounted. It also have a roof-mounted 7.62 mm AA-52 anti-aircraft gun, remotelly controlled, supplied with 3000 rounds. In addition, a second remotelly-operated AA-52 can be fitted on the turret as part of the AZUR (“Action en Zone Urbaine” or “Urban zone Action”) urban combat kit upgrade. Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
12,7 mm M2HB machine gun co-axial – Image: tanks-encyclopedia.com
Type
Heavy machine gun
Caliber
12.7x99mm NATO
Magazine
Belt fed
Operation
Short recoil, closed bolt
Fire selector
0-1-F
Rate of fire
450 – 575 rpm
Barrel length
1.143 mm
Rifling
8 grooves, 381 mm twist
Muzzle velocity
887 m/s
Stock
–
Length
1.650 mm
Width
?
Height
?
Weight
38.0 kg without tripod
Sights
Iron sights
Source weaponsystems.net
7.62mm AAT-NF1 machine gun
The AAT-52 has a peculiar design using a lever-delayed blowback mechanism. A telescoping metal buttstock is fitted as well as metal pistol grip with plastic grip plates. The barrel can be easily changed, with a light barrel available for infantry use and a heavy barrel for mounted use. The light barrel is fitted with bipod and carrying handle.
The AAT-52 fires the 7.5x54mm French round from interconnectable 50 round belts. The AAT-NF1 is a modified version to cater the 7.62x51mm NATO round using US M13 links. The rate of fire is rather high with a cyclic rate of fire of 900 rpm. The effective range from the bipod is 600 meters. This increases to 1 km when mounted on a tripod or vehicle.
Type
Machine gun
Caliber
7.62x51mm NATO
Magazine
Belt fed, 50 rounds
Operation
Gas operated, lever-delayed blowback
Fire selector
0-F
Rate of fire
900 rpm
Barrel length
490 mm
Rifling
?
Muzzle velocity
810 m/s
Stock
Retractable
Length
1.145 mm / 980 mm
Width
?
Height
?
Weight
9.15 kg empty
Sights
Iron sights, barleycorn front and tangent leaf with U-notch rear, 200 to 2.000 m gradations
The digital fire control system allows the gunner or commander to select six different targets to be engaged in just over 30 seconds. The system’s digital computer allows realtime treatment of data from the tank’s sensors and sights.
The commander has eight periscopes and an HL-70 stabilised panoramic sight from Safran (formerly SAGEM).
HL-70 includes laser rangefinder, day channel, and second-generation image intensifier.
Commander station – Image: tanks-encyclopedia.comCommander station
The tank commander and gunner take place in the front section of the turret, but in a lower position deep inside the vehicle at their own battle stations. The tank commander can observe the surroundings through 7 periscopes and the HL-70 binocular Panoramic sight (day channel X2.5 and X10 magnification, a night channel with X2.5 magnification). Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
Recognition range is 4km and identification range is 2.5km. The commander has a display showing the gunner’s thermal sight. The gunner’s station is equipped with gunner’s main sight, three periscopes and a visual display unit. The gunner’s stabilised sight is SAVAN 20 from Safran, which contains a three-field-of-view thermal imager.
Gunner stationMay 29, 2015. A french gunner is getting ready on board of an AMX-56 Leclerc tank during Exercise PUMA15 in Drawsko Pomorskie, Poland. (NATO photo by Edouard Bocquet)
The gunner is given a SAGEM HL-60 primary sight (later HS-70) with a day channel X3.3 and X10, and night channel offering X3, X6, X10 and X20 magnifications. These sights are also equipped with a semi auto tracker for target acquisition. In addition the gunner has a SAVAN 20 stabilised sight, developed by SAGEM. Both the TC and Gunner can traverse the turret through an horizontal control handle. Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
The driver’s station has three periscopes, of which the centre periscope is the OB-60 driver’s sight developed by Thales Optronique (formerly Thomson-CSF), which has day and night channels.
Driver’s station
Galix combat vehicle protection system
Leclerc is fitted with Galix combat vehicle protection system, developed by Nexter and Lacroix Tous Artifices. Nine launch tubes for the 80mm grenades are fitted on either side of the turret roof. The Galix system can launch smoke or anti-personnel grenades or infrared decoys.
Nexter has developed the KBCM defensive aids suite which can befitted to the Leclerc. KBCM includes laser warner, missile warner, infrared jammer and the Galix system and can be integrated with the FINDERS battle management system. The French Army has evaluated the system.
SACM V8X-1500 Hyperbar diesel engine
The Leclerc is equipped with an SACM V8X-1500 Hyperbar diesel engine providing 1,500hp at 2,500rpm. An electronic engine management system is supplied by Safran. The SESM ESM 500 automatic transmission has a hydrostatic transmission unit and five forward and two reverse gears. The engine is fitted with a Suralmo-Hyperbar high pressure gas turbine. The engine provides a road speed over 70km/h and cross-country speed up to 50km/h.
All this power was passed onto the ground by a new track system with double pin links, each with two sets of rubber shoes. Like the previous AMX-40, the tracks rolled on a set of six doubled roadwheels, heavenly spaced, of a new design. These are suspended by individual modern torsion bars systems which are electronically-assisted hydropneumatic modules developed by SAMM (Societe d’Applications des Machines Motrices), with a tension auto-adapting to the nature of the ground. The tracks are supported by six return rollers and the idler are at the front. Tracks vulcanized rubber layer was tested but rejected. Autonomy is provided by an internal fuel capacity of 1300 liters of diesel, in fuel cells mounted in the frontal hull sides, acting as an extra protection. In addition two drum tanks could be installed at the rear, of 200 liters each, which raise the capacity to 1700 liters. The operational range varied from 550 km to 650 km (400 mi), however the fuel drums must be jettisoned if the tank is to engage targets as they are restraining the turret full traverse. The refuelling system is high pressure, allowing a full replesnishment in 2 minutes in the field. The tank is fully amphibious, and can ford 1.1 m deep without preparation and up to 4 m with a full preparation. It is equipped with two schrorchel tubes stored on the turret’s back. It could also climb 40° slopes, cross 3 m trenches, 1,25 m high obstacle. Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
All this power was passed onto the ground by a new track system with double pin links, each with two sets of rubber shoes. Like the previous AMX-40, the tracks rolled on a set of six doubled roadwheels, heavenly spaced, of a new design. These are suspended by individual modern torsion bars systems which are electronically-assisted hydropneumatic modules developed by SAMM (Societe d’Applications des Machines Motrices), with a tension auto-adapting to the nature of the ground. The tracks are supported by six return rollers and the idler are at the front. Tracks vulcanized rubber layer was tested but rejected. Autonomy is provided by an internal fuel capacity of 1300 liters of diesel, in fuel cells mounted in the frontal hull sides, acting as an extra protection. In addition two drum tanks could be installed at the rear, of 200 liters each, which raise the capacity to 1700 liters. The operational range varied from 550 km to 650 km (400 mi), however the fuel drums must be jettisoned if the tank is to engage targets as they are restraining the turret full traverse. The refuelling system is high pressure, allowing a full replesnishment in 2 minutes in the field. The tank is fully amphibious, and can ford 1.1 m deep without preparation and up to 4 m with a full preparation. It is equipped with two schrorchel tubes stored on the turret’s back. It could also climb 40° slopes, cross 3 m trenches, 1,25 m high obstacle. Source tanks-encyclopedia.com
The tank also has a Turbomeca TM-307B gas turbine auxiliary power unit. The hydropneumatic suspension system is from Societe d’Applications des Machines Motrices (SAMM).
UAE tropicalised Leclerc main battle tank
The tropicalised Leclerc is optimised for tropical and desert conditions to meet the requirement of the UAE. A new powerpack and diesel auxiliary power unit has been installed and the hull is extended at the back to accommodate the powerpack and larger fuel tanks. The Euro Powerpack has the MTU 883 V-12 diesel engine providing 1,500hp, coupled with Renk HSWL295 TM automatic transmission.
For this and export versions of the tank, Nexter has developed the Leclerc Battle management equipment (LBME), a derivative of FINDERS. The HL-70 commander’s sight has been replaced by the HL-80, also from SFIM.
Leclerc NGRV new-generation recovery vehicle
The Leclerc new-generation recovery vehicle (NGRV) has a longer hull with seven pairs of wheels.
A hydraulically operated blade at the front of the vehicle is used to clear a path through battlefield obstacles. The vehicle is equipped with an hydraulic crane rated to lift 30,000kg loads and a winch with 180m cable rated at 35,000kg. A secondary winch is rated at 1,500kg. The crane and winch systems are supplied by Rheinmetall Landsystemes GmbH.
Leclerc new-generation recovery vehicle (NGRV)
The Leclerc DNG is the armored recovery version of the Leclerc. The acronym DNG stands for Dépanneur Nouvelle Generation which is French for next generation recovery vehicle. The French army uses the acronym DCL that stands for Dépanneur du Char Leclerc and Leclerc recovery tank in English. Instead of a turret a raised superstructure is fitted. A crane is mounted on the right and bulldozer blade in front doubles as the earth anchor for the 34 t winch. Both the French and UAE models are fitted with the same MTU-883 1.500 hp diesel powerpack. (Engine see above)
Alexey Brusilov
New HUD 
Image @planobrazil.com
Image @planobrazil.com
Helmet-mounted target identification and indication system to project images onto the visor
N-025E radar
Small compartment which can ferry at most 2 individuals in case of emergencies
French Army Leclerc MBT
Leclerc MBT
French Army Leclerc MBT with Azur up-armour kits
French Army Leclerc MBT with Azur up-armour kits
FINDERS battlefield management system
120 mm smoothbore cannon GIAT F1 of the battle tank Leclerc
Image: wikivisually.com
1 – mirrors the Feldjustieranlage, 2 – heat cases, 3 – cradle, 4 – barrel recoil device 
Image: from the net
12,7 mm M2HB machine gun co-axial
Commander station
Gunner station
Image: tanks-encyclopedia.com
Thai Military and Asian Region 