Anka MALE Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Anka is a medium altitude long endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, primarily manufactured to meet the reconnaissance and surveillance requirements of the Turkish Armed Forces. It was designed and developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI).

The Anka MALE UAV system can perform all weather, day / night intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) missions, tracking of fixed and stationary targets, signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications relay.

Turkish Unmanned Aerial Vehicle programme

In December 2004, TAI received a contract from the Turkish Armed Forces to develop and produce the indigenous MALE UAV system as part of the Turkish Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV) programme. Under the TUAV project, TAI is responsible for developing three prototype UAVs and the associated ground systems.

The preliminary design review (PDR) was completed in May 2008. Anka was unveiled at the Farnborough Air Show in July 2010. The first Anka UAV successfully completed its maiden flight in December 2010.

The UAV demonstrated its automatic take-off and landing capabilities in November 2011. A technical issue caused the crashing of a prototype vehicle during final tests in September 2012. TAI completed the acceptance testing campaign of Anka in January 2013.

TAI also plans to design Anka Plus A, an armed variation of Anka. The new Anka Plus A is expected to carry Cirit missiles developed by Roketsan.

Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) successfully integrated the Roketsan MAM-L air-to-surface munition to the ANKA MALE UAV. (Photo: Turkish MoD)

2.75” Laser Guided Missile CİRİT

Properties of the Product

CİRİT, is a missile with the longest range in its class which provides a superior precision against light, armored/unarmored and stationary/mobile targets as well as being a cost effective solution.

Basic Specifications

  • The 2.75″ Missile with the Longest Range
  • Insensitive Munitions (Level V)
  • Multi Purpose (Armor Piercing, Anti Personnel and Incendiary) Warhead
  • Integration to Various Platforms (Helicopter, UAV, Land Vehicle, Stationary Platform, Light Assault Aircraft, Naval Platform)
  • Standard Mode and Smart Mode Pod Integration
  • Not a Guidance Kit, New Generation All-Up Round Missile System
  • Composite Propellent Technology with Reduced Smoke

In the Inventory of Turkish Armed Forces

Diameter 2.75″ (70 mm)
Maximum Range 8 km
Minimum Range 1,5 km
Weight 15 kg (Without tube complete)
Propellant Type HTPB Based, Smokeless, Composite Solid Propellant
Warhead Type Multi Purpose Warhead, Armor Piercing, Personnel, Incendiary
Warhead Type High Explosive Warhead
Guidance Mid – Phase Guidance with MEMS – AÖB
Guidance Terminal Guidance with Semi-Active Laser Seeker
Target Types Light Armored / Unarmored Vehicles, Stationary and Moving Targets, Bunkers
Platforms Helicopters (AH – 1W, T – 129 ATAK etc.), UAV’s,  Land Vehicles, Light Assault Aircraft, Naval Platforms and Stationary Platforms

Data roketsan.com.tr

Roketsan MAM-L air-to-surface munition

The Smart Micro Munition (MAM-L), developed by ROKETSAN in line with today’s battlefield requirements, attracts attention as a solution that increases the efficiency of air platforms with low payload capacity, especially that of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). MAM-L, a variant of the Laser Guided L-UMTAS (Long Range Anti-Tank Missile System) that is also developed by ROKETSAN, the only difference being that it does not have a rocket motor and glides in the air has already been integrated to the BAYRAKTAR and KARAYEL tactical UAVs that are currently being used by the Turkish Armed Forces. The MAM-L, which is being successfully used in various operations involving UAVs, stands out as a munition that has proved itself in the field.

With its low weight of about 50 pounds and a length of 1 m, the MAM-L offers a cost-efficient solution for light attack aircraft as well as UAVs. The MAM-L, with its high explosive fragmentation warhead, is highly effective against light structures, unarmored ground vehicles, radar antennas and soft targets like weapon pits and personnel, in a 25 m radius. The other version with tandem high energy anti-tank warhead is effectively used against heavy armored tanks. The munition can be used efficiently at ranges of up to 8 km, depending on the altitude from which they are released.

Technical Specifications of the MAM-L
Diameter 160 mm
Length 1 m
Weight 22 kg
Max. Range 8 km
Guidance Laser Seeker
Platforms UAV’s, Light Attack Aircrafts

Source azeridefence.com

Anka unmanned aerial vehicle design

Anka’s structure is of composite material construction, while some fittings and frames are built using high-strength material to withstand concentrated loads. The fuselage is covered by a mono-block bottom skin. It is integrated with two dedicated payload bays accommodating two primary payloads. The other subsystems including avionics, electrical systems and the engine are housed in various serviceable sections.

The wing and tail components include front and rear spars as well as ribs. The UAV is equipped with dual redundant control surfaces driven by a dedicated electro-mechanical actuator. An electro-expulsive ice protection system (IPS) de-ices the wing and tail leading edges.

Anka has a length of eight metres, wing span of 17.3m and a height of 3.4m. The maximum take-off weight of the UAV is 1,600kg.

Variants

Future variants of Anka will have larger payload capacity extending its current capabilities under the following features:

The TAI Anka will also eventually have an indigenous 155 hp Turbo prop engine developed by TUSAŞ Engine Industries (TEI) with cooperation with other Turkish companies in the future.

ANKA-TP (SIHA- Strategic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

A 5+ ton, turbo-prop powered, High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) version of the ANKA is also being planned.

TAI officials have announced that the Strategic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle version named ANKA-TP will feature a new mission computer, airframe and have the ability to carry between 1 and 1.5 Tons in armament. It will have a span of 23 meters, speed of between 200 and 250 knots and a cruising altitude of 40,000+ ft.

ANKA-B

On 30 January 2015, the ANKA-B completed its maiden flight successfully.[26] Anka Block B is a developed version of the Anka Block A and carries an Aselsan synthetic aperture radar/ground moving-target indicator payload in addition to the UAV’s electro-optical/infrared sensor. During the maiden flight, Anka-B successfully performed “basic shakedown” and auto-landing. The Anka Block B also has a greater payload capacity than that of the Anka-A which includes SAR/ISAR/GMTI radar (in addition to the cameras of Anka A) that obtains and remits high resolution intelligence data back to base.[27][28] The ANKA Block B paves the way for weaponisation of the platform in the foreseeable future. Anka block B passed 30.000 feet, 26hr and 200 km radius during test flights The Turkish Air Force ordered 10 ANKA-B platforms in 2013 at a cost of $300 million.[29]

ANKA-S

ANKA-S is the serial production variant of ANKA. This variant is equipped with ViaSat’s VR-18C Highpower SATCOM antenna and indigenous flight control computer. Like ANKA Block A and ANKA Block B, ANKA-S will be powered by Thielert Centurion 2.0S. However Turkish Engine İndustries (TEI) is developing a national engine for the ANKA that can operate with diesel and JP-8 jet fuel.

In 25 October 2013 Turkish Undersecretariat for Defence Industry (SSM) ordered 10 ANKA-S UAVs and 12 ground control stations for $290 million ($220.6 million + TRY 137 million). The UAVs will be delivered in three batches (2+4+4). The first batch is planned to be delivered in March 2017. A total of 6 UAVs are planned to be delivered in 2017.

Currently 4 ANKA-S UAVs have been produced and are undergoing tests. The first two of these UAVs are equipped with StarFIRE 380-HDL FLIR payload. However these will be replaced with Aselsan CATS later on.[30]

Source wikiwand.com

ANKA-I (COMINT/SIGINT)

syriancivilwar

Operators: Here

Bangladesh Air Force Ordered Turkish Anka-S Armed Drone

Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) to buy Turkish TAI Anka UAV.

Reportedly BAF ordered Anka-S UAS which is the Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle or UCAV version of the Turkish Aerospace Industries developed Anka ISR drone. BD Air Force forming up their unmanned aerial vehicle fleet. This fleet would comprises both surveillance & combat UAV. BAF wants a true force multiplier to augment force’s real capabilities to ensure national security in all aspect. Turkish Anka unmanned aerial systems has been designed to conduct most critical operations. Anka is manufactured with latest technology and materials.

Earlier in last November Chief Of Air Staff ACM Abu Esrar visited Turkey. He met with Turkish Undersecretary for Defense Industries Ismail Demir and visited several defense industries in Ankara. Before COAS Abu Esrar’s visit to Turkey there were news that Bangladesh Air Force interested to buy Turkish defense equipment including TAI Anka, T129 ATAK attack helicopter and TAI Hurkus basic trainer aircraft.

Bangladesh’s savage neighbor myanmar has bought Chinese CH-3 armed drones in an unknown number. They using it against ethnic minors in rakhine and other states. They also deployed their Chinese UAVs near Bangladeshi borders. In response to burma’s jingoistic gestures Bangladesh is ready to give a befitting reply.

Bangladesh Army & Air Force building impressive war fighting capabilities to face any aggression from her neighbors. Currently BAF inducting Chinese LY-80E MRSAM for air defense. Neither Bangladesh Army nor Bangladesh Air Force operate any combat drone right now. Anka will be the first armed UAV for Bangladesh. And this drone will surely increase the operational capabilities of the Armed Forces of Bangladesh. Source medium.com

Payload of the Anka MALE UAV

The UAV can carry two payloads for the intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) missions. These include an electro-optic / forward looking infrared / laser range finder (EO/FLIR/LRF) payload (AselFLIR-300T) and synthetic aperture radar / ground moving target indicator / inverse SAR (SAR/GMTI/ISAR) payload.

AselFLIR 300T radar system

The AselFLIR 300T radar system is supplied by Aselsan. The two primary payloads are accommodated in two separate payload bays. The environmental control system (ECS) is used for controlling the temperature of the avionics compartments.

ASELFLIR-300T Electro-Optical Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Targeting System

Image result for AselFLIR 300T radar system

ASELFLIR-300T is a high performance electro-optical reconnaissance, surveillance and targeting system designed for fixed-wing and rotary-wing airborne platforms, including Unmanned Air Systems (UASs), helicopters and aircrafts. ASELFLIR300T consists of

  • High Resolution Infrared Camera
  • Laser Range Finder/ Designator (LRF/D)
  • Laser Spot  Tracker
  • Color Day TV Camera
  • Spotter TV Camera.

There exists also a laser Pointer configuration which replaces the Color Day TV Camera. The System consists of the following Line replaceable Units (LRUs)

  • Turret Unit
  • Electronic Unit
  • Hand Control Unit(Optional)
  • Boresight Unit (Ground Support Equipment)

Applications

  • Targeting
  • Reconnaissance and Surveillance

Main Features

  • Superior Range Performance
  • High Resolution IR Camera
  • IR camera resolution of 1440×576
  • Better image quality and better range
  • Zoom Day TV Camera (Optional Selection Instead of Laser Pointer)
  • 3-CCD Spotter TV Camera
  • Spotter TV camera sensor is 3-CCD, i.e. 3 separate CCDs for Red, Green, Blue color channels for better image quality and better range
  • 3 times more sensor pixels used than 1-CCD cameras
  • Laser Range Finder and Target Designator
  • Laser Pointer (Optional Selection Instead of Zoom Day TV Camera)
  • Laser Spot Tracker
  • External Boresight Unit (Optional)
  • Advanced Image Processing
  • Multi Target Tracking
  • Simultaneous Target Tracking on IR and TV (Zoom Day TV or Spotter TV) Videos
  • Accurate Target Geo-Location
  • Determination of Coarse and Speed of Moving Target
  • Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
  • Accurate 4-Axis Stabilization
  • Automatic Alignment with Platform
  • Internal Heating/Cooling
  • Hand Control Unit (Optional)
  • Nose-Up and Nose-Down Configurations

Technical Specifications

IR Camera Resolution 1440×576
Fields of View (FOVs)

(Horizontal)

IR: 1.75° – 6.4° – 30°
Zoom Day TV: 2° – 40°
Spotter TV: 0.8°
Field of Regard (FOR) Azimuth: 360° continuous
Nose-Up Configuration:

Elevation: -50° to +150°

Nose-Down Configuration:

Elevation: +20° to -105°

Laser Range Finder and Target Designator Range: up to 20 km

Wavelength: 1064 nm

Repetition rate: up to 20 Hz

Laser Pointer Wavelength: NIR
Laser Spot Tracker Wavelength: 1064 nm
Communication Interface MIL-STD-1553B, RS-422

 

Video Interface 3x Analog PAL/CCIR

1x Digital (Optional)

Power Interface 28 VDC
Size Turret Unit:

Diameter: 534 mm

Height: 633 mm

Electronics Unit:

315x456x255 mm

Weight Turret Unit: 95 kg

Electronics Unit: 23 kg

Source aselsan.com.tr

CATS- COMMON APERTURE TARGETING SYSTEM- Electro-Optical Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Targeting System (ANKA-S)

CATS is a high performance electro-optical reconnaissance, surveillance and targeting system designed for fixed-wing and rotary-wing airborne platforms, including Unmanned Air Systems (UASs), helicopters and aircrafts.

Applications

  • Targeting
  • Reconnaissance and Surveillance
  • Long Range Surveillance

Main Features

  • Common Aperture with Diameter of 220mm
  • Very Large Aperture for Narrow FOVs and Very Narrow FOVs of IR, HDTV and LL-NIR  Cameras
  • Larger Aperture Means More Light and Therefore Better Image Quality and Better Range
  • Compact and Light-Weight System
  • Single-LRU System
  • Superior Range Performance
  • High Performance IR Camera
  • True Full High Definition (1920×1080) HDTV Camera
  • No Digital Zooming Applied for 1920x1080p Video Output
  • 2.25 Times More Sensor Pixels Used Than High Definition (1280x720p) HDTV Cameras
  •  Low Light (LL-NIR) Camera
  • Common FOVs for IR, HDTV and LL-NIR Cameras
  • Laser Range Finder and Target Designator
  • Laser Pointer and Illuminator
  • Internal Boresight Unit
  • All-Digital Video Pipeline
  • Advanced Image Processing
  • Multi Target Tracking
  • Simultaneous Target Tracking on IR, HDTV
  • and LL-NIR Videos
  • Accurate Target Geo-Location
  • Determination of Coarse and Speed of
  • Moving Target
  • Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
  • Accurate Stabilization
  • Automatic Alignment with Platform
  • Operation in Very Low Temperatures in High Altitudes

Note: All tolerances are within ±10%. Specifications may change without prior notice.

Technical Specifications

Sensor Resolutions IR: 640×512
TV: 1920×1080
LL-NIR: 640×480
Fields of View (FOVs)

(Horizontal)

IR: 0.5° – 0.9° – 3.2° – 30°
TV: 0.5° – 0.9° – 3.2° – 30°
LL-NIR: 0.5°
Field of Regard (FOR) Azimuth: 360° continuous

Elevation: +10° to -105°

Laser Range Finder and Target Designator Range: up to 25 km

Wavelength: 1064 nm

Repetition rate: up to 20 Hz

Laser Pointer and Illuminator Laser Pointer:

Wavelength: NIR

Laser Illuminator:

Wavelength: NIR

Communication Interface RS-422, MIL-STD-1553B
Video Interface 4x SMPTE-292M HD-SDI

2x PAL

Power Interface 28 VDC
Size Sensor Ball Diameter: ≤ 415 mm

Width: ≤ 437 mm

Height: ≤ 520 mm

Weight 61kg
Temperature Operational: -54°C to +50°C

Storage: -55°C to +70°C

Source aselsan.com.tr

ASELSAN’s SARPER Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an airborne radar system

Synthetic aperture radar / ground moving target indicator / inverse SAR (SAR/GMTI/ISAR) payload

ASELSAN’s Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an airborne radar system for high resolution ground imaging and for the detection of moving targets on the ground. SAR systems are valuable in airborne surveillance applications, allowing for effective 24/7 imaging under all kinds of adverse weather conditions. ASELSAN’s system offers the finest resolution achievable in its class.

Three distinct operating modes allow for flexible use based on mission requirements. The Spotlight Mode provides high resolution imaging of a specific area of interest, the Stripmap Mode offers imaging of broader areas, and the GMTI modes enables the detection of moving targets on the ground. The system employs a modular design approach, and thus can be conveniently integrated on various manned and unmanned aircraft. The radar can be employed in a variety of military and civilian applications involving airborne surveillance and imaging.

Important Features
  • X-Band transmission frequency
  • 37km maximum range
  • Slotted waveguide array antenna
  • Stripmap/Spotlight/GMTI Modes
  • Automatic antenna positioning and stabilization
  • Automatic motion compensation
  • Tailored interfaces for convenient integration on various aircraft
  • Platform-specific radome design

Source aselsan.com.tr

Engine and landing gear

The pusher type piston-prop propulsion system integrates a Thielert Centurion 2.0 turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The engine driving electrical power generators delivers a sea level power of 155hp. It is equipped to be restarted in flight. The propulsion is provided by a three-blade constant speed propeller.

Thielert Centurion 2.0 turbocharged four-cylinder engine

This is a four-stroke-cycle diesel engine that consists of four cylinders installed in line with four valves each. This turbocompressor liquid-cooled engine is provided with the reducing gear having the reduction ratio i = 1.69:1. The following embedded systems improve its performance:

  • COMMON RAIL direct injection system
  • all-electronic engine and propeller control system
  • wet-sump lubrication system

CENTURION 2.0 engines are approved by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). CENTURION 2.0 has EASA and FAA supplemental type certificate for the following aircraft models: Cessna-172 and Piper PA28. Diamond Aircraft Industries also installs CENTURION 2.0 engines into its aircraft, models DA40 TDI, DA42 Twin Star, while Apex Aircraft installs them into Robin DR400 models.

Engine description

  • Price in the AerojetBaltic service center, Vilnius – 48,900 €. The price includes the engine, installation works and aircraft flight calibration.
  • Replacement terms: not less than 35 days

The bladder type fuel tank located in the centre of the fuselage is fitted with fuel level sensors and jet pumps. The fuel is fed in to the engine via a collector tank. The fuel system is also equipped with filters, coolers, pumps and other instrumentation. The engine burns JP8 fuel or the equivalent. The propulsion system provides an endurance of 24 hours at an altitude of 30,000ft.

by omerson
Engine description
Operation principle Turbodiesel
Cylinders and their pattern 4 in line
Valves DOHC
Injection Direct injection
Cooling liquid
Lubrication Wet-sump system
Electronics Full digital engine controller (FADEC)
Propeller transmission Reducing gear with the clutch embedded (reducing ratio i = 1:1.69)
Propeller 3-bladed, from mechanical transmission, hydraulic, controllable pitch (MTV-6 series)
Cubic capacity 1.991 cm³ (121.5 cu.in)
Cylinder diameter 83 mm (3.26 in)
Piston stroke 92 mm (3.62 in)
Compression 18:1
Dimensions (WxLxH) 778 x 816 x 636 mm (30.63 x 32.12 x 25.04 in)
Weight (empty, with units) 134 kg (295.4 lbs)
Engine characteristics
Maximum output up to 2000 m/td> 99 kW (135 hp)
Maximum permanent output 99 kW (135 hp)
Economical rating 71 kW (97 hp)
Recommended load 75%
Propeller torque 410 Nm (302 ft.lb.)
Propeller torque (economical) 340 Nm (250 ft. lb.)
Propeller revolutions on takeoff 2300 rpm
Economical propeller revolutions 2000 rpm
Test over-speed propeller revolutions 2660 rpm
Engine revolutions on takeoff 3890 rpm
Economical engine revolutions 3380 rpm
Test over-speed engine revolutions 4500 rpm
Fuel consumption at cruise speed 15-17 l/h (4-4.5 gal/hr)
Specific fuel consumption 214 g/kWh (0.35 lb/hphr)
Electrical system
Electrical system FADEC
Voltage 28 V, optional 14 V
Generator 1680 W, optional 1260 W
Current / Voltage 60 A, optional 90 A
Compact engine display 0,3 kg (0,66 lbs)
Working fluids
Certified fuel Diesel (EN 590), TS-1 Kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1
Suitable fuel Diesel (EN 590), TS-1 Kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, DEF STAN 91-86, JP-8, DEF STAN 91-91, JP-8+100, Chinese Jet Fuel No 3
Oil Shell Helix Ultra 5W30; Shell Helix Ultra 5W40; AeroShell Oil Diesel 10W-40; AeroShell Oil Diesel Ultra
Cooling fluid 50% Вода; 50% BASF Glysantin; G48/ Glysantin; Protect Plus
Reducing gear oil Shell EP 75W90 API GL-4

Source aerojet.cc

by omerson

ANKA’s Domestic Engine Tests Completed PD170 turboprop engine

PD170 turboprop engine

Developed for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, the domestic PD170 engine is counting days to hang out with ANKA. According to the information obtained from C4Defence, the development work on the engine has been completed. ANKA’s flying conditions were applied to the motor and the previously targeted performance data was reached.

The project, signed between the Undersecretariat of Defense Industries (SSM) and TEI on December 27, 2012, included the development of a turbodiesel aviation engine with superior technical features for use in MALE class unmanned aerial vehicles through the development of domestic facilities.

In the frame of the project, engine was developed first, then ANKA’s flying atmosphere conditions were created in place and the engine was called. According to the experiments, the 2.1 liter diesel engine produced 170 horsepower between 0 and 20 thousand feet (about 6 thousand 600 meters) at 2300 cycles. As the amount of oxygen decreased, the engine’s power began to fall to an altitude of 20 thousand feet as expected. The engine produced 130 horsepower at an altitude of 30,000 feet. At present, the current engine used at ANKA produces 155 horsepower between 0 and 11 thousand feet altitude. With this comparison, the critical altitude for the TEI’s engine is twice as high as it is in use. At an altitude of 30,000 feet, it consumes 10-11 percent more fuel than the current engine produces at half the power. The TEI’s engine is 5 kg heavier than the current motord, but the weight power ratio also improves as it provides more power for this weight with flight performance. While the current engine is forced out at an altitude of 30 thousand feet, the developed engine does not stay at 30 thousand altitude and it is even easier to reach the altitude of 40 thousand feet. In this case, ANKA will have a motor that can reach 40 thousand feet altitude (about 13 thousand 300 meters).

The engine development work has been completed but the maturity tests are ongoing. The engine will be delivered to Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI / TAI) at a ceremony attended by National Defense Minister Nurettin Canikli. Then the integration of the motor into the ANKA platform will begin. The vehicle integration will have been tested well enough to begin. The engine qualification and civil certification is expected to be completed by 2018.

Turkey EASA CS-E project, for the first time on the basis of Airworthiness Certification and Qualification EASA Part 21 Design Organization Approval the basis of receivables.

Translate by google Source c4defence.com

The Anka UAV system is fitted with a tricycle-type retractable landing gear consisting of a single nose landing gear (NLG) and a pair of main landing gear (MLG) units.

Tricycle-type retractable landing gear

The NLG integrates shock absorbing components, while the MLG is equipped with spring type retractable struts. The main gear units have electro-mechanic brakes. The nose unit is steered by an electromechanical servo actuator.

GCS for the Turkish UAV

The flight operations of Anka are controlled and monitored using an advanced ground control station (GCS). The GCS is equipped with dual command and control consoles, as well as simulation and playback capabilities. The payloads of UAV are controlled in real time from the GCS during flight.

The GCS is housed in a Nato compliant ACEIII type shelter. It complies with the STANAG 4586 standard. The control station can be interfaced with external command, control, communications, computers and intelligence (C4I) systems.

savronikveri-uydulinksistemi

Specifications (Anka-A)

General characteristics

Performance

Avionics

  • ASELFLIR-300T, SAR/GMTI, ISAR payload
  • INS/GPS and air data sensor suite system[6]

Source wikiwand.com

Main material source airforce-technology.com

Updated Mar 11, 2020

1 thought on “Anka MALE Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

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